Five-Year Macro Scoreboard
Click any card for granular breakdown and trend data.
GDP Growth FY2025
2.68%
▲ vs 2.38% FY2024
CPI Inflation FY2025
4.7%
▼ from 26% — 60-yr low
Per Capita Income
$1,824
▲ from $1,680 FY2024
Fiscal Deficit/GDP
2.6%
▼ from ~7.4% FY2024
Primary Surplus/GDP
3.0%
First in 24 years
FOREX Reserves
$16.6B
▲ from $14.3B
Remittances Jul-Apr
$31.2B
Record high
Total Public Debt
Rs 76tr
▲ doubled since FY2021
GDP & Sectoral Growth — Five-Year Trend (%)
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GDP Overall
Agriculture
Industry
Services
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Five-Year Macro Data — Click any row for full analysis
| Indicator | FY2021 | FY2022 | FY2023 | FY2024 | FY2025 | Signal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP Growth (%) | 3.94 | 5.97 | 0.29 | 2.38 | 2.68 | ↗ recovering |
| Agriculture (%) | 3.48 | 4.40 | 1.44 | 6.25 | 0.56 | ⚡ volatile |
| Industry (%) | 3.57 | 7.19 | −2.87 | 1.21 | 4.77 | ↗ recovering |
| Services (%) | 4.43 | 6.19 | 0.86 | 1.21 | 2.91 | → moderate |
| CPI Inflation (%) | 8.9 | 12.2 | 29.2 | 26.0 | 4.7 | ↘ sharp fall |
| Investment/GDP (%) | 14.6 | 15.1 | 13.6 | 13.1 | 13.8 | ⚠ stagnant |
| Fiscal Deficit/GDP (%) | 6.1 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 2.6 | ↘ improving |
| Per Capita Income (USD) | 1,543 | 1,798 | 1,568 | 1,680 | 1,824 | ↗ recovering |
| Remittances ($ bn) | 29.4 | 31.2 | 27.0 | 30.3 | 31.2† | ↗ strong |
| FBR Revenue (Rs bn) | 3,982 | 5,348 | 7,169 | 9,252 | ~12,150 | ↗ strong |
† Jul-Apr only. FY2025 fiscal data Jul-Mar. Click any row for granular breakdown.
FY2021
V-shaped COVID recovery. GDP rebounds to 3.94%. Remittances record $29.4bn. Policy rate 7%. NCOC manages pandemic. LSM grows 8.99%.
FY2022
Peak growth, then crisis. GDP 5.97%. Trade deficit balloons to $39.1bn. Catastrophic floods in August. Reserves deplete. Inflation accelerates.
FY2023
Near-collapse. GDP crashes to 0.29%. Inflation 29.2%. FOREX hits $4.6bn (Feb 2023). IMF bailout secured. Industry contracts −2.87%.
FY2024
Stabilisation begins. GDP recovers to 2.38%. Agriculture 6.25%. Inflation falls. IMF EFF on track. Fitch upgrades to CCC+.
FY2025
Macro stabilisation achieved. Inflation 4.7% (60-yr low). Deficit 2.6%. Primary surplus 3%. Fitch upgrades to B−. PSX returns 50%+. Structural challenges remain.
Growth & Investment
Click any card or chart element for sub-sector detail and public interest analysis.
GDP Growth FY2025
2.68%
Base: FY2021 = 3.94%
Agriculture
0.56%
▼ from 6.25% FY2024
Industry
4.77%
↗ recovery from −2.87%
Services
2.91%
▲ from 1.21%
Investment/GDP
13.8%
Needs 25%+ for 6% growth
Savings/GDP
14.1%
▲ from 13.0%
Per Capita Income
$1,824
Real gain ~0.7% after pop.
LSM Growth
~4.2%
Large-scale manufacturing
Sectoral Growth — All Five Years (%)
AgriIndustryServices
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Investment & Savings vs. GDP (%)
InvestmentSavings25% min
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Critical Investment at 13.8% — development emergency
For five consecutive years, investment/GDP has remained 13–15% — far below Bangladesh (31%) and India (29%). Without reversal, Pakistan's growth is structurally capped at 3–4%. Root causes: circular debt in energy, regulatory complexity, political instability, and limited SME credit access.
Watch Agriculture crash from 6.25% to 0.56% — food security risk
With 60–70% of rural Pakistan dependent on agriculture, this deceleration translates directly into rural poverty. Climate shocks and high input costs are key drivers. Public investment in irrigation and climate-adaptive farming remains inadequate across all five surveys.
Fiscal Development & Revenue
Click any card for detailed revenue, expenditure, or provincial breakdown.
Total Revenue Jul-Mar FY25
Rs 13.4tr
Record high
FBR Tax Revenue
Rs 9.14tr
▲ 25.8% growth
Non-Tax Revenue
Rs 4.23tr
▲ 68% growth
Current Expenditure
Rs 14.6tr
Dominated by debt service
Development (PSDP)
Rs 1.54tr
▲ 32.6%
Primary Surplus
3.0% GDP
First in 24 years
Tax-to-GDP Ratio
~13.6%
Asia's lowest
Fiscal Deficit
2.6% GDP
▼ from 7.9% FY2022
FBR Revenue — Five-Year (Rs. billion)
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Fiscal Deficit & Primary Balance — % of GDP
DeficitPrimary Balance
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Crisis Debt servicing consuming 70%+ of revenues
With current expenditure of Rs 14.6tr against development spending of Rs 1.54tr, interest payments (~Rs 7–8tr) alone consume the majority of the budget. This leaves almost nothing for education, health, or infrastructure — the foundations of long-term growth.
Structural Tax-to-GDP at 13.6% — informal economy untaxed
Despite FBR growth of 2.5× in four years, the ratio to GDP hasn't improved structurally. The informal economy (~35–40% of GDP) remains largely outside the tax net. Retail, real estate, and agriculture enjoy massive exemptions that protect elite interests at the expense of fiscal space for social spending.
Inflation — Price Stability & Citizen Impact
Click any indicator for detailed urban/rural and commodity-level breakdown.
CPI Jul-Apr FY2025
4.7%
▼ from 26.0% FY2024
CPI Urban
5.7%
▼ from 26.3%
CPI Rural
3.3%
▼ from 25.5%
Food Inflation Urban
1.1%
▼ from 26.8%
Core Inflation Urban
8.8%
▼ from 16.9%
SPI
4.9%
▼ from 30.2%
WPI
2.2%
▼ from 22.4%
Core Inflation Rural
11.6%
▼ from 24.0%
CPI Annual Trend — Five Years (%)
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FY2025 vs FY2024 — All Inflation Components
FY2024FY2025
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Citizen context: Falling inflation ≠ falling prices. The cumulative price level from FY2022–FY2024 represents a 60–70% increase in cost of living. Even at 4.7%, prices continue to rise on an already elevated base. Real wage restoration will take years.
Major Win 60-year inflation low — direct relief for the poorest
Urban food inflation at 1.1% benefits low-income households who spend 50–60% of budgets on food. SBP's policy rate (peaked at 22%), global commodity moderation, and rupee stabilisation were the key drivers. This is the most tangible citizen-welfare improvement in the five-year survey period.
Watch Core inflation at 8.8% — underlying pressures remain
Services, housing, and manufactured goods still carry momentum. This limits SBP's ability to cut rates aggressively — keeping borrowing costs high for businesses and mortgages expensive for families.
Trade, Payments & External Sector
Click any card for commodity-level, partner-wise, or instrument breakdown.
Current Account Jul-Apr
+$1.9B
Remittance-driven surplus
Goods Exports
$27.3B
60% textiles — narrow base
Goods Imports
$48.6B
Trade gap: $21.3B
Remittances Jul-Apr
$31.2B
Record; 70% from Gulf
FOREX Reserves
$16.6B
~2.5 months import cover
Exchange Rate
278.75
PKR/USD average FY2025
Services Trade Deficit
$2.5B
Jul-Apr FY2025
IT / Tech Exports
$3.2B
Growing — still small
Exports, Imports & Remittances — Five Years ($ billion)
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ExportsImportsRemittances
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Structural Risk Export base unchanged — 60% textiles for five years running
Pakistan's export basket in FY2025 is virtually identical to FY2021. No new significant export sector has been added. Technology, engineering, and pharmaceuticals remain negligible. Bangladesh (pharma + garments) and Vietnam (electronics) have diversified; Pakistan has not. This is a five-year policy failure.
Systemic Risk Current account surplus depends entirely on Gulf remittances
Without $31.2bn in remittances, Pakistan would have a current account deficit exceeding $29bn. A Gulf recession or Saudisation policy shift could trigger another FY2023-style crisis. This is not a trade policy — it is economic emigration serving as the balance of payments backstop.
Public Debt
Click any card for instrument-wise, creditor-wise, and maturity profile breakdown.
Total Public Debt Mar 2025
Rs 76,007bn
▲ 130% since FY2021
Domestic Debt
Rs 51,518bn
68% of total
External Public Debt
Rs 24,489bn
32% of total
ATM Domestic Debt
3.5 yrs
▲ from 2.9 yrs
T-Bill Stock Reduced
Rs 2.4tr
Better debt profile
Fitch Rating
B−
▲ from CCC+ FY2023
Debt/GDP (est.)
~67%
Still rising
Debt Service/Revenue
>70%
Crowding out social spend
Total Public Debt — Domestic vs External (Rs. billion)
Click any bar segment to see instrument breakdown or creditor composition
Domestic DebtExternal Debt
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Inter-generational Debt doubled in 4 years — future generations will pay
From ~Rs 33tr (FY2021) to Rs 76tr (March 2025) — a 130% increase. Every Pakistani child born today inherits a proportional share. The primary driver has been interest compounding on a high-rate debt stock and rupee depreciation inflating external debt in rupee terms. Even with the primary surplus, total debt continues to grow in absolute terms.
Sovereignty 70%+ of revenues committed to debt service — Pakistan is not fiscally free
When over 70% of government revenues are committed to servicing existing debt, the government effectively cannot make meaningful independent fiscal choices. Education, health, development, and social protection all compete for the remaining 30%. Pakistan's budget priorities are determined by past borrowing decisions, not present democratic choices.
Social Indicators — Education, Health & Human Development
Click any indicator for provincial breakdown, trend data, and regional benchmarks.
Education Indicators — FY2025
Education Spend/GDP
0.8%
UNESCO min: 4–6%
Literacy Rate
60.6%
M 68% / F 52.8%
Out-of-School Children
~26M
2nd highest globally
Universities
269
160 public / 109 private
HEC Allocation
Rs 61.1bn
Higher education
PhD Faculty
37.97%
University teachers
Health Indicators — FY2024-25
Health Spend/GDP
0.9%
WHO min: 5–6%
Infant Mortality Rate
50.1
per 1,000 births (2023)
Life Expectancy
67.6 yrs
2023
Hospitals
1,696
2024 provisional
Basic Health Units
5,434
2024 provisional
Registered Doctors
319,572
2024 provisional
Pakistan vs Regional Peers — Social Spending (% of GDP)
Click the chart for country-level detail and HDI comparisons
Emergency Education at 0.8% of GDP — Pakistan is failing 26 million children
Pakistan spends less on education as a share of GDP than almost any country on earth. With 26 million out-of-school children, a 15-point gender literacy gap, and education spending 5× below UNESCO's minimum, the human capital crisis will compound into economic stagnation for decades.
Crisis Health at 0.9% — infant mortality 2× Bangladesh's rate
Pakistan's IMR of 50.1 per 1,000 live births represents approximately 280,000 preventable infant deaths annually. This is not a resource constraint — Bangladesh and Sri Lanka spend more on health at comparable or lower per-capita incomes. This is a political choice to protect tax exemptions for elites over the lives of children.
Public Interest Scorecard
Independent, evidence-based evaluation. Click any score bar for full justification.
Methodology: Scores are based on international benchmarks (IMF, World Bank, UNESCO, WHO standards), comparison with regional peers, citizen welfare metrics, and five-year structural trends — not government self-assessment.
DGF Public Interest Score — FY2025 (0 = complete failure · 100 = international best practice)
Score 85 Inflation Control — standout citizen welfare achievement
From 29.2% to 4.7% in two years. Urban food at 1.1% directly benefits the poorest. This is what structural reform looks like in practice: SBP independence, no deficit monetisation, and commitment to the IMF program despite political cost.
Score 70 Fiscal Consolidation — credible but IMF-dependent
Cutting deficit from 7.9% to 2.6% while achieving a 3% primary surplus is historically significant. But consolidation is revenue-driven (SBP profit transfer, FBR growth) not structural. Sustainability without IMF conditionality remains unproven.
Score 45 GDP Growth — stabilising but insufficient
2.68% growth with ~2% population growth = real per capita growth under 1%. Pakistan needs 6–7% sustained growth to reduce poverty. At current trajectory, this gap will not close within any reasonable planning horizon.
Score 20 Investment Climate — systemic failure, no progress in five years
Five consecutive years below 16% investment/GDP. Each survey mentions investment-friendly reforms; none has moved the needle. Energy costs, circular debt, regulatory complexity, political unpredictability, and insecure property rights collectively deter serious capital.
Score 15 Education Investment — catastrophic governance failure
0.8% of GDP on education while achieving a fiscal surplus is a deliberate policy choice to prioritise debt service over 240 million people's children. Five surveys have documented this without any government committing to a credible education financing plan.
Score 20 Public Health — systematic neglect at 0.9% of GDP
50.1 infant deaths per 1,000 live births represents ~280,000 preventable deaths annually. Bangladesh and Sri Lanka spend more on health at comparable or lower incomes. This is a political choice, not an economic constraint.
Annual Update Guide
How to update this dashboard every June when the new Economic Survey is released.
Architecture: This is a self-contained HTML file (~75KB) requiring no backend, database, or server-side processing. All data lives in the JavaScript section. Annual update time: ~45 minutes.
Update Checklist — Chapter by Chapter
| Chapter | Indicators | Where in HTML |
|---|---|---|
| Ch.1 Growth | GDP, agriculture, industry, services, investment/GDP, savings/GDP, per capita income | SECTOR_DATA object |
| Ch.4 Fiscal | FBR revenue, fiscal deficit/GDP, primary balance, total revenue, development spend | FISCAL_DATA object |
| Ch.7 Inflation | CPI overall, urban, rural, food, core; SPI, WPI | INFLATION_DATA object |
| Ch.8 Trade | Exports, imports, remittances, current account, FOREX, exchange rate | TRADE_DATA object |
| Ch.9 Debt | Total public debt, domestic, external, ATM, T-bill stock | DEBT_DATA object |
| Ch.10–11 Social | Education/health GDP%, literacy, IMR, life expectancy, hospitals | SOCIAL_DATA object |
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Ready to update with next year's data?
Download the new Pakistan Economic Survey Highlights from finance.gov.pk, extract the key indicators, and update the data objects in this file.